- NASA has been tracking asteroid 465824 2010 FR, which is twice as big as the Pyramid of Giza and is expected to cross the Earth’s orbit on September 6.
- It is classified as a Near-Earth Object (NEO) and a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA).
- NEOs occasionally move close to the Earth as they orbit the Sun, and when this happens, NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Study (CNEOS) determines their distance.
- NASA defines NEOs as comets and asteroids nudged by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets into orbits that allow them to enter the Earth’s neighbourhood.
- These objects are composed mostly of water ice with embedded dust particles.
- Asteroid 465824 2010 FR was discovered on March 18, 2010 by the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS).
What is an asteroid?
- Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun, much smaller than planets.
- They are also called minor planets. As per NASA, 994,383 is the count for known asteroids, the remnants from the formation of the solar system over 4.6 billion years ago.
- Most such objects can be found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which is estimated to contain somewhere between 1.1-1.9 million asteroids.
- The explanation for the concentration of asteroids in this belt comes from the formation of Jupiter, whose gravity brought an end to the formation of any planetary bodies in this region, as a result of which the smaller bodies kept colliding with each other, fragmenting into asteroids.
- Other than those found in the main asteroid belt, asteroids can be classified into trojans, which are asteroids that share an orbit with a larger planet.
- NASA reports the presence of Jupiter, Neptune and Mars trojans.
- In 2011, they reported an Earth trojan as well.
- The third classification of asteroids can be as Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA), which have orbits that pass close by the Earth.
- Those that cross the Earth’s orbit are called Earth-crossers.
- More than 10,000 such asteroids are known, out of which over 1,400 are classified as potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs).
- Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are currently defined based on parameters that measure the asteroid’s potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth.
- Specifically, all asteroids with a minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of 0.05 au or less are considered PHAs.
- Even so, it is not necessary that asteroids classified as PHAs will impact the Earth.
- It only means there is a possibility for such a threat.
- By monitoring these PHAs and updating their orbits as new observations become available, we can better predict the close-approach statistics and thus their Earth-impact threat.
How are asteroids named?
- They are named by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). NASA notes that the IAU’s Committee on Small Body Nomenclature is less strict when it comes to naming asteroids than other IAU naming committees.
- Therefore, there exist asteroids that have been named after the Star Trek character Mr Spock, rock musician Frank Zappa and seven asteroids that are named after the crew members of the Columbia Space Shuttle.
- Asteroids are also named for places and a variety of other things and the IAU discourages naming asteroids for pets.